Diabetes And Feet​

Diabetes can lead to nerve damage in the feet, known as diabetic neuropathy. This condition reduces sensation, making it difficult to feel pain, heat, or cold, which increases the risk of unnoticed injuries. Many people experience tingling, burning, or sharp pain, especially at night. Over time, neuropathy can also cause muscle weakness, which may lead to changes in foot shape and difficulties with walking.

Diabetes can also affect blood flow to the feet, leading to poor circulation. This can cause the feet to feel cold, appear pale or bluish, and heal more slowly than normal. Without sufficient blood supply, even minor cuts and sores take longer to recover, increasing the risk of ulcers and infections.

Foot ulcers are a serious complication of diabetes and often develop due to pressure, unnoticed injuries, or slow healing. What starts as a small cut, blister, or callus can quickly progress into an open sore. If left untreated, these ulcers can become infected and, in severe cases, may lead to the need for amputation.

Diabetes weakens the immune system, making it harder to fight infections. Even minor wounds, such as small cuts or blisters, can develop into serious infections if not properly managed. Fungal infections like athlete’s foot are also more common and can spread quickly. Due to poor circulation, the body struggles to deliver enough oxygen and nutrients to support the healing process.

Uneven pressure on the foot, often caused by neuropathy or ill-fitting shoes, can lead to the development of calluses and corns. While these thickened areas of skin may seem harmless, they can become painful over time and may lead to ulcers if not treated properly.

Charcot foot is a rare but serious condition that occurs when weakened bones in the foot break easily. Since people with diabetic neuropathy may not feel the pain of these fractures, they often continue walking on the injured foot, leading to deformities, swelling, and instability. If not diagnosed early, Charcot foot can cause significant long-term damage.

Diabetes can affect the nerves that control moisture levels in the feet, leading to excessive dryness. This can cause the skin to crack, creating openings for bacteria and increasing the risk of infections. Keeping the feet moisturised is essential to prevent these issues.

Ingrown toenails occur when the edge of a toenail grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain, redness, and swelling. For people with diabetes, these can become infected more easily due to poor healing and reduced immune response. Proper nail care is crucial to avoid complications.

Neuropathy can also cause muscle imbalances in the feet, leading to deformities such as hammertoes and bunions. These conditions increase pressure on certain areas of the foot, making ulcers and discomfort more likely. Wearing properly fitted shoes and seeking podiatric care can help prevent these issues from worsening.